The drug is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. As an analgesic codeine are usually used in combination with non-narcotic analgesics such as paracetamol (acetaminophen). Heroin is rapidly hydrolyzed in the body into an active 6monoatsetilmorfin, which is the same as heroin, vysokolipofilen, easily penetrates the central nervous system and is transformed into morphine. Side effects here occur in trimeperidina nausea, dizziness, weakness. In contrast, morphine omnopon does not deciphering spasm of smooth muscles, as it contains alkaloids of isoquinoline series - papaverine and nartsein having myotropic inflammatory properties. Analgesic effects, sufficient to for short surgical procedures, providing ketamine (ketalar), which blocks the receptors of excitatory amino acids (NMDApetseptor). The drug has about 2 pm If necessary, naloxone administered repeatedly. Can cause withdrawal symptoms (withdrawal) in morphine addict. The highest daily dose of paracetamol - 4 in case of overdose paracetamol is the possibility of severe liver damage (necrosis) because of the toxic metabolite of deciphering - Natsetilpbenzohinonimina (at therapeutic deciphering of paracetamol, this metabolite is rapidly inactivated by glutathione). For reduce the toxicity of this compound is used acetylcysteine (intravenous or oral), methionine (inside). Due to the high content of morphine omnopon applied for the same indications as morphine. Methadone is used to order replacement therapy in the treatment of drug dependence to opioids. Side effects of Tramadol: nausea, vomiting, dizziness, dry mouth, drug dependence deciphering . To eliminate chronic pain use transdermal therapeutic system (patch) with fentanyl. In connection with the here tsretseptorov these drugs compared with morphine less deciphering with regard to drug dependence, less respiratory depression. To preparations containing morphine, is Not Elsewhere Specified (Pantopon) - mixture of 5 alkaloids in opium (morphine and codeine, papaverine, nartsein, thebaine). Fentanyl (stimulates mainly tsretseptor) is 100 times more active than morphine, ie, used in doses that are 100 times less than morphine. To accelerate the elimination of morphine from organism used forced diuresis or peritoneal dialysis. Tramadol (Tramal) has the properties of opioid analgesics (stimulates myuretseptor), and furthermore, breaks back neuronal capture of norepinephrine and serotonin, ie, activates noradrenergic and serotonergic transmission, and may enhance downstream inhibitory effects on the conduct pain impulses. Pronounced analgesic properties have nitrous oxide, which is used by inhalation for pain relief myocardial infarction in the postoperative period for labor analgesia. As a result, when using heroin euphoria develops faster and more pronounced than with morphine. Apply trimeperidin myocardial infarction, malignant tumors, trauma, as well as pain associated with spasm of smooth muscles of internal organs. Codeine - metilmorfin - at therapeutic doses on analgesic effect is about 10 times less potent than morphine deciphering doses impossible due to the gag action, constipation, and depression of vital centers). Stimulates deciphering reduction of the myometrium. Tramadol appointed interior, under the skin, intramuscularly, intravenously for pain deciphering with malignant tumors, myocardial infarction, and trauma. Morphine content is omnopone 48-50%. When the pain associated with spasm of smooth muscles, such as kidney and liver colic, omnopon has an advantage over morphine. Tolerance and physical dependence to methadone develops more slowly, after withdrawal of methadone withdrawal is expressed to a lesser extent, but lasting than in comparison with morphine. Butorphanol, nalbuphine, pentazocine stimulates kretseptor, but block tsretseptor (according to some authors, are partial agonists tsretseptorov).
Комментариев нет:
Отправить комментарий